铝型材深加工中设备有哪些工艺？

1.铸造制备：
1. casting preparation:
该工艺过程包括配料、熔炼、铸造、均热等主要工序，形成一定化学成分和外形尺寸的 铸锭。 配制好的原材料，在煤气炉或电炉中熔炼。
The process includes batching, melting, casting, homogenizing and other main processes, forming a certain chemical composition and the size of the ingot. The prepared raw material is smelted in a gas furnace or an electric furnace.
熔炼后的熔体经过静置炉、流槽、流盘、过滤器直到结晶器内，再经水冷，形成一定形状的铸锭。为保证铸锭表面光洁， 采用磁力铸造或热顶铸造法，进行多模(多结晶器)铸造。铸锭均热，是使铸造状态的金相组织均匀化，使主要的强化相溶解。均热是在均热炉内进行。均热提高了 铸锭的塑性，有利于提高挤压速度，延长挤压模具的寿命，改善挤压型材的表面质量。
After the melt after static melting furnace, groove, flow plate, filter until the mold, and then by water, formed a certain shape of the ingot. In order to ensure the smooth surface of the ingot, the magnetic mold casting or hot top casting was used for multi mold (multi mould) casting. When the ingot is heated, the microstructure of the casting is homogenized and the main strengthening phase is dissolved. The heat is carried out in the soaking furnace. The uniformity of the ingot improves the plasticity of the ingot, improves the extrusion speed, prolongs the service life of the extrusion die, and improves the surface quality of the extrusion profile.
2.挤压成型：
2. extrusion forming:
挤压成型是在铸锭加热、挤压、冷却、张力矫直、锯切等工序构成的一条自动生产线上进行。生产线上的设备，包括感应加热炉、挤压机、出炉台、出料运输机、型 材提升移送装置、冷床、张力矫直机、贮料台、牵引机、锯床等。铸锭的加热温度一般控制在400℃~520℃，温度过高或过低都将直接影响挤压成型。
Extrusion forming is an automatic production line composed of ingot heating, extrusion, cooling, tension straightening, sawing and other processes. The production line equipment, including induction heating furnace, extrusion machine, conveyor, baked, lifting transfer device, cooling bed, bar tension straightening machine, material storage, traction machine, sawing machine etc.. The heating temperature of ingot is generally controlled at 400 ~520 C, and the temperature is too high or too low will directly affect the extrusion forming.

挤压机 一般采用单动油压机，其吨位在1200吨~2500吨之间。挤压机的挤压筒直径大小，随挤压机吨位大小变动，挤压机吨位大，挤压筒直径也大。挤压筒直径一 般在150mm~300mm范围内。挤压工具工作温度为360℃~460℃，挤压速度20 m/min~80m/min。 挤压工具主要包括模具。挤压模具根据结构特点分为平模、分瓣模、舌型模和分流组合模。生产铝合金门窗型材多用平模和分流组合模。出料台接收来自挤压机挤出的型材，并把型材过渡到出料工作台。 出料工作台多是横条运输机型，其横条运动速度与挤压速度同步。 冷床多为步进梁式，下面安装有相当数量的风机，保证型材均匀冷却，使型材在矫直前温度低于70 ℃。 张力矫直机带有扭转钳口，可以边扭转校正边拉伸矫直。 张力矫直机后是贮料台，向锯床工作台提供型材，锯床按定尺锯断型材。

Extrusion machines generally use single acting hydraulic press, and its tonnage is between 1200 tons and ~2500 tons. The diameter of the extrusion barrel of the extruder varies with the tonnage of the extruder, the tonnage of the extruder is large, and the diameter of the extrusion barrel is large. The diameter of the extrusion cylinder is generally within 150mm~300mm. The working temperature of the extrusion tool is 360 ~460 m/min~80m/min, and the extrusion speed is 20. Extrusion tools mainly include moulds. According to the structural characteristics, the extrusion die can be divided into flat die, split valve mould, tongue mould and porthole die. Multi purpose flat die and porthole die for production of aluminium alloy door and window profiles. The discharging platform receives the profile extruded from the extruder and transfers the profile to the discharging table. The discharge table is horizontal transport model, the horizontal velocity synchronization and extrusion speed. The cooling bed for walking beam, the fan is arranged below the amount, to ensure uniform cooling profile, the profile at a temperature below 70 DEG C before straightening. The tension straightener has a torsion jaw, which can be twisted and straightened at the right side. After the tension straightener is a material storage table, the profile is provided to the sawing machine worktable, and the sawing machine cuts the profile according to the fixed length.
3.热处理：
3. heat treatment:
铝合金型材采用的铝镁硅系铝合金，是可强化的铝合金。通过不同的淬火和时效制度，使型材得到应有的力学性能。 铝合金型材为RCS供应状态，即热处理为高温成型后快速冷却及人工时效。
Al Mg Si series aluminum alloy used in aluminum alloy profile is an aluminum alloy which can be strengthened. The mechanical properties of the profiles are obtained by different quenching and aging systems. Aluminum alloy profile is RCS supply state, that is, heat treatment is rapid cooling and artificial aging after high temperature molding.
4.表面处理：
4. surface treatment:
铝合金型材的表面处理，大多采用阳极氧化，使型材表面为银白色。表面处理可增强型材外表美观程度，并延长铝型材的使用寿命。 阳极氧化的工艺流程：装料→脱脂→水洗→碱浸蚀→温水洗→冷水洗→中和出光→水洗→阳极氧化→冷水洗 →温水洗→封孔→干燥→卸料→成品检查→包装 铝门窗型材阳极氧化后的氧化膜厚度不低于10μm。 铝合金型材的表面处理，也可进行着色处理。需其他颜色的铝型材，可经自然氧化着色法、电解着色法和浸渍着色法获得。
The surface treatment of aluminum alloy profiles mostly adopts anodic oxidation to make the surface of the profiles silver white. The surface treatment can enhance the appearance of the profile and prolong the service life of the aluminum profile. The process of anodic oxidation: filling, degreasing, water washing, alkali erosion, warm water washing, cold water washing, neutralizing a light, washing, anodizing, cold water washing, warm water washing, drying, sealing, unloading, product inspection and packaging film thickness of aluminum doors and windows profiles after anodic oxidation of not less than 10 m. The surface treatment of aluminum alloy profiles can also be treated by coloring. Aluminum profiles with other colors can be obtained by natural oxidation, electrolytic coloring and immersion coloring.
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